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Human Rights Watch

There are between 200,000 and 300,000 men and women in U.S. prisons with mental disorders, some with serious mental illnesses. In many of the prisons in which they reside, mental health services are far from satisfactory due to understaffing, insufficient facilities, and limited programs. Without necessary care, mentally ill inmates live with painful symptoms and deteriorating mental conditions. Although mentally ill prison inmates generally suffer under poor conditions in prison, some U.S. prison systems have achieved significant advances in mental health services; however, they continue to face persistent obstacles due to the punitive nature of prison regimens and the current fiscal crisis in States across the country. Recommendations to the U.S. Congress are to enact the Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act currently pending before Congress, which could catalyze significant reforms in the way the criminal justice system responds to people with mental illness; to improve access to public benefits that cover all needed mental health services; and to amend or repeal the Prison Litigation Reform Act, which hinders inmates in their efforts to remedy unconstitutional conditions in State correctional facilities.

NY. Human Rights Watch. 2003. 222p.

Trial Court Opinion The Constitutional Application of The Maryland Defective Delinquent Law

OPINION

This matter is now before this Court by direction of the Court of Appeals in its opinion reported in 238 Md., page 80, whereby we are required to "determine whether his (Daniels'] continued detention at Patuxent (Institution], is a violation of his Constitutional rights", after full hearing and making provision for adequate record of the proceedings with an explicit finding of fact and express conclusions of law.

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY MARYLAND. 15 December 1965. 54p.

By Chief Anthony V. Bouza (Ret.)

FROM THE JACKET: The prevalence of crime and violence in our culture is all too visible in the crack-ridden streets of our cities. Chief Anthony V. Bouza, recently retired Chief of Police in Minneapolis and former Commander of Police in the Bronx, is one of the leading authorities and innovative thinkers on crime in this country. As an insider he gives the reader a candid tour of the police force -a world more often than not shrouded in silence. In a no-nonsense yet highly articulate manner, Chief Bouza reveals the underpinnings of the police force, where even the lowest man on the totem pole has more power - the power of life and death -than any CEO. He also demonstrates how the safety and future of our cities ultimately lie in the hands of the chief of police. As head of the department, the chief sets the tone and establishes the rules regulating all police behavior. In a society filled with ambiguous and changing values, Chief Bouza tackles many highly charged issues. How should officers react to calls from wives whose lives are threatened by their spouses? Should the right to bear arms include access to automatic weapons? Is a cop on every corner the answer to most of society's ills? Bouza answers…..

NY. Plenum Press. 1990,303p.

By John J. Gibbs

FROM THE ABSTRACT: “This dissertation explores the relationship between confinement setting (jail or prison) and self-destructive crises with special emphasis on the jail setting. The assumptions tested are (1) different incarceration environments pose different problems for the men they confine, and (2) jail is a more stressful environment than prison. These assumptions are examined by (1) comparing the personal characteristios of samples of self-destructive inmates in jail and prison with random samples of their respective populations, and (2) comparing jail and prison motives for self-destruction which emerged from interviews with men who injured themselves in jail or prison. The dissertation relies on 333 tape recorded and transcribed interviews with men who had injured themselves while confined and 77 control interviews with men who had not infured themselves while incarcerated…..”

Albany, NY. School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York. Dissertation. August, 1978. 349p.

By Michael J. Lynch and W. Byron Groves

FROM THE COVER: “Marxist thought has profoundly affected the growth of modern criminology. The social and economic determinism in Marx heavily influenced Enrico Ferri, one of criminology's founding positivists. Today's positivists continue that tradition in their search for the sociological causes of crime. Yesterday's radicals, the positivists, have become today's traditionalists. And today's radicals once again proclaim Marx as their guide. This book demonstrates how today's Marxist criminologists have broadened their vision. In addition to crime causation, they examine the political and economic interests that influence the formation of law and justice. Power, alienation, capital and many other classic Marxist concepts have been revived and applied to a radical understanding of punishment, corrections, police and the administration of justice.

NY. Harrow and Heston. 1986. 131p.

By John Seymour

This dissertation explores the relationship between the environmental preferences and aversions of men in prison and the characteristics of prison subsettings perceived by prisoners as meeting such concerns. The relationship between a stressed prisoner and a perceived ameliorative feature in a subsetting is termed "niche". The study is concerned with the personal meanings that prisoners impose on prison settings, and with understanding the personal susceptibilities and setting characteristics that combine to produce such meanings….”

Albany. NY. State University of New York. Dissertation. 1980.

By Marc William Renzema

FROM THE ABSTRACT: “ABSTRACT

The anticipation of release from prison and the first months of parole long have been considered as stressful. Yet, past studies of this transition seldom have used the models and methods developed by psychologists and psychiatrists engaged in stress research. Guided by McGrath's (1970) model of the stress process, this dissertation explores the psychological stresses and supports experienced during the anticipation of release from prison and during the first 6 months after release. It also identifies adaptational strategies employed by parolees. This dissertation is based on interviews with a panel of 53 men released into a large metropolitan area from prisons in predominantly rural areas. Interviews were scheduled just prior to release and at 2 to 4 weeks, 3 months. and 6 months after release. Of the 212 interviews attempted, 172 were completed. Dach interview consisted of a focused segment. 22 psychophysiological syaptom questions derived from Langner (1962). and 20 fixed-response questions based on past studies of prison releases. Interviews were recorded and tratscribed. The focused segments were content analyzed for "concern" and "support" themes using categories derived from both past research and a 10% subsample of interview transcripts….”

Albany. NY. State University of New York. Dissertation. 1980. 336p.

By R. Emerson Dobash-Russell Dobash

FROM THE JACKET: “It is far more likely that a woman will be assaulted, raped, or killed by her husband than by a stranger. Yet a maltreated wife is left to struggle alone because of widespread be lies that the sanctity and privacy of marriage must not be intruded upon, that the husband has certain "rights," or that the woman her self may be at fault. This book thoroughly documents the fact that violence in the home is systematically and disproportionately directed against women, and it demonstrates that wife-beating is a form of the husband's control and domina• tion through a socially approved marital hierarchy. Unlike more narrow investigations of "domestic violence." it places the phenomenon of wife-beating firmly in its social and historical context. The authors make a case against patriarchy itself, and against its sup port in the helping professions, police, courtrooms, and hospitals.”

The authors give a grim but illuminating account of patriarchal beliefs and practices in Roman, Anglo Saxon, and American traditions that have supported the right of a husband to dominate and chastise his wife. (As recently as 1853, a reform-minded legislator found it necessary to propose to the English House of Commons that married women should be treated no worse than domestic animals.)…”

NY. Macmillan. 1979. 362p.

By Michael Sherman and Gordon Hawkins

FROM THE PREFACE: “"Don't look back," Satchel Paige advised, "something might be gaining on you." Yet, of necessity, this book regards the future by looking over its shoulder at the past. In any consideration of the social institution of imprisonment especially in any attempt to change it--the weight of history must be placed in the balance. The recentexcellent works of David Rothman, Michel Foucault, and Michael Ignatieff have confirmed the importance of a historical perspective on any era's policy prescriptions.

This is, however, explicitly a policy book. In Chapter 5, the analysis of the past is allowed to inform some recommendations which mesh liberal and conservative views. Although in some cases we have been driven back to original sources, this is not a work of primary social history in which lessons are inferred from a mass of detail. Ours is an idiosyncratic view of the constraints imposed by traditions on future choices, and its policy lessons are not shared by many of the historians on whose work we have tried to build.”

Chicago and London. The University of Chicago Press. 1981. 156p.

By Joycelyn M. Pollock-Byrne

FROM THE PREFACE: Through the Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Series, students are introduced to important topics that until now have been neglected or inadequately covered and that are relevant to criminal justice, criminology, law, political science, psychology. and sociology. The authors address philosophical and theoretical issues and analyze the most recent rescarch findings and their implications for practice. Consequendy, each volume will stimulate further thirking and debate on the topics it covers, in ad. dition to providing direction for the development and implementation of policy.

The topic of ethics has always been of critical importance to the field of criminal justice and criminology. Judging from recent reports of frequent ethical violations throughout the criminal justice system, this primer on morality, chics, and human behavior could not be more timely. The sensitivity and critical nature of the subject matter makes it secan surprising that greater attention has not been devoted to this topic. Since no similar text is currently available, this work represents the breaking of new ground, for which Joycelyn M. Pollock-Byrne is to be commended.

Pacific Grove, California. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. 1989.

By Robert Johnson

FROM THE PREFACE: “Most Americans favor capital punishment. The reasons vary, but many proponents of the death penalty believe that executions prevent murder. Capital punishment, for them, is an antidote to homicide. Simple vengeance is enough for others, who insist that killers should suffer the ultimate penalty for their grievous crimes. A few adopt the pose of the cool, detached pragmatist. They contend that the death penalty pays its own way by eliminating hardened and unrepentant offenders. These dead men, however dangerous in life, commit no more crimes. Whatever the real or imagined merits of capital punishment, no rationale for the death penalty demands warehousing of prisoners under sentence of death. The punishment is death and nothing more. There is neither a mandate nor a justification for inhumane confinement prior to imposition of sentence. Yet warehousing for death, of an empty and sometimes brutal nature, is the universal fate of condemned prisoners. The enormous suffering caused by this human warehousing, rendered in the words of the prisoners themselves, is the subject of this book.”

Illinois. Waveland Press. 1981. 163p.

By Fred Cohen

FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF VOLUME 1: “This book addresses the legal issues that affect the mentally disordered inmate. Charters 1 and 2 set out the boundaries of the problem and give an overview of the legal issues generally. Chapters 3 and 4 provide a broad review of the laws governing the legal identity and basic rights of prisoners, including the right to treatment where a serious medical need exists and how that right carries over to a serious mental disorder. Subsequent chapters address in greater detail the problems in these areas and the legal discussions and holdings pertaining to them. The chapters provide extensive citations to leading cases and specific guidance on the legal obligations and duties of those who supervise or treat mentally disordered inmates, the rights of the incarcerated mentally ill, and best policies and practices. Problems related to specific populations are treated in detail. For example, Chapter 20 covers juvenile detainees and inmates and the special situations to which their cases can give rise. Chapter 21 covers sexual predators, discussing among other things the legal complexities associated with the rise of sex offender treatment programs.

Kingston, NJ. Civic Research Institute. 2017.-2018.

By Michael S. Serrill

New Debate Over a Famous Prison Experiment. To most of its 950 inmates and 389 staff, the Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Norfolk is a prison like many other prisons….But the facility is now old and is beginning to fray around the edges….”

Corrections Magazine. August 1982. 8p.

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Edited by Carl R. Doering

FROM THE FOREWORD: “The following monographs were selected from the group describing an experiment in penology made at the Norfolk Prison Colony in Massachu¬setts. Mr. Howard B. Sill, Superintendent of the Colony from 1928 to 1934, organized and directed it. The Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc., granted funds to the Department of Correction of the Commonwealth for the purpose of employing per¬sons qualified to observe and report upon the reeult8 of the experiment. Later, upon special request, the Bureau agreed to allow part of the grant to be uBed to aid in organizing the ex¬periment. The group employed to observe and help organize the project was later known aa the Re¬search Group, and consisted of men representing many professions and academic disciplines. The members of this group ranged from college pro¬fessors to student assistants and they included sociologists, penologists, psychologists, theo¬logians, engineers, lawyers, physicians, statis¬ticians, and social workers. Almost every one of the group participated in the collection of data and in the presentation of short reports, on various aspects of the experiment. The authors of the following monographs compiled and used material contributed by former and contemporary members of the Research Group but with freedom to select, analyze, and interpret.”

NY. Bureau Of Social Hygiene, Inc. 1940. 290p.

USED BOOK. MAY CONTAIN MARK-UP

By Mike Royko

FROM CHAPTER 1: “The workday begins early. Sometime after seven o'clock a black limousine glides out of the garage of the police station on the corner, moves less than a block, and stops in front of a weathered pink bungalow at 3536 South Lowe Avenue.Policeman Alphonsus Gilhooly, walking in front of the house, nods to the detective at the wheel of the limousine.It's an unlikely house for such a car. A passing stranger might think that a rich man had come back to visit his people in the old neighborhood. It's the kind of sturdy brick house, common to Chicago, that a fireman or printer would buy.Thousands like it were put up by contractors in the 1920s and 1930s from standard blueprints in an architectural style fondly dubbed "carpenter'sdelight." The outside of that pink house is deceiving. The inside is furnished in expensive Colonial-style furniture, the basement paneled in fine wood, and two days a week a woman comes in to help with the cleaning….”

Chicago. E.P. Dutton. 1971. 219p. USED BOOOK. MAY CONTAIN MARK-UP

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By William H. Whyte, Jr.

FROM THE INTRODUCTION: “ThIs book is about the organization man. If the term is vague, it is because I can think of no other way to describe the people I am talking about. They are not the workers, nor are they the white-collar people in the usual, clerk sense of the word. These people only work for The Organization. The ones I am talking about belong to it as well. They are the ones of our middle class who have left home, spiritually as well as physically, to take the vows of organization life, and it is they who are the mind and soul of our great self- perpetuating institutions. Only a few are top managers or ever will be….”

NY. Simon and Schuster. 1956. 457p. USED BOOK. MAY CONTAIN MARK-UP

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By John F. Witte

FROM THE PREFACE: “This book is about industrial democracy in an American corporation. Throughout I will be referring to the term democracy in a somewhat extreme form in relation to the current usage of the word in American theories of organization. I have not considered workers' participation as merely a progressive management technique or a vague approach to a more "humanized" work place. Although I am not condemning these innovations for the ends they seek, it is nevertheless the case that most American experiments in this vein have taken advantage of the symbolic value of democracy* while not applying the basic principles of democ- racy as it is conceived in political theory.”

Chicago. University of Chicago Press. 1980. 220p.

By Daniel Glaser

FROM CHAPETR ONE: “This book is written primarily for organizations that try to change people adjudged delinquent or criminal. It may also prove useful to establishments for persons regarded as addicted, psychotic, retarded, or any other designations of deviance, provided their clients are considered modifiable, so that they may be helped to merit such labels as "reformed." "cured." "rehabilitated," "normal," "educated," "trained," or, minimally, "improved." Our concern is with organizations for example, prisons, probation offices, treatment centers, hospitals, clinics, and training schools- which proclaim that one of their objectives is to make their clients no longer deviant, or less deviant than previously.”

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-9123 Printed 1973. 205p.

By George W. Fairweather, David H. Sanders , Louis G. Tornatzky, With Robert N. Harris, Jr.

from the preface: This book presents the results of a national experiment aimed at finding the parameters of social change in mental health organizations. While the experiment involves most mental hospitals in the nation, it is the hope of the experimenters that the groundwork has been laid for innovation util- ization experiments that transcend the mental health area. For it is the firm conviction of the authors that the major survival issue man will have to solve in the latter part of the 20th century and in the 21st century in- volves changing his institutional practices, behaviors, and values in more innovative directions

NY. Pergamon Press.. 1974. 226p. BOOK CONTAINS MARK-UP

By John P. Conrad et al

FROM THE INTRODUCTION: ” A Good pair of simultaneous equations for the student of comparative corrections to keep in mind is:
Interdisciplinary is Good Custodial is Bad.
I mention this algebra now because I intend to subiect the interdisci- plinary concept to an abrasive treatment which may open questions about my loyalties. I believe in these equations. Purely custodial insti- tutions constitute nearly all non-interdisciplinary endeavor in corrections. Custodial correctional practice is making no strides to anywhere.

The Prison Journal. Volume XIV. Number 2. 1964. 49p.